ABSTRACT
One of the most common types of loading of soils is simple shear. Failure in soils occurs in narrow shear bands, and the deformation inside the shear band follows simple shear loading (Gutierrez, 2011). However, understanding of the behavior of soils in simple shear is complicated by the inherent difficulties in simple shear testing. The Direct Simple Shear (DSS) device and the Hollow Cylindrical Apparatus (HCA) face the difficulties of applying uniform stress and strain conditions to the sample. For the DSS, an additional difficulty is in the measurement of the lateral stress during shearing. Due to these difficulties, there have been difficulties in the understanding of the true behavior of granular soils in simple shear loading and in the use of test data in formulating constitutive models.
