ABSTRACT
Numerical analysis methods are divided into two categories: mesh-based and mesh-free. Typical meshbased methods include FEM (Finite Element Method) and FDM (Finite Difference Method). Mesh-based methods are widely applied to engineering problems and used in many commercial codes. However, meshbased methods present the following difficulties when applied to geotechnical problems, such as numerical modeling of complex strata or large deformations.
