ABSTRACT
However, these systems have some imaging limitations. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging using a saturated light pulse requires a pulse of very high intensity (>2000 μmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)). A high-intensity light source is required, and the image must be acquired at a short distance from the leaf surface. In addition, variations of leaf angle in a canopy or surface roughness on a single leaf affect the success of saturating pulse irradiation.
