ABSTRACT
Although there are specific and sensitive tests available to detect a wide variety of toxicants in environmental, feed, and biological samples, test results may not be available for several days after sample submission. Therefore, with a few exceptions, treatment of a suspected intoxication needs to be undertaken in the absence of a firm diagnosis. Since antidotes are either unavailable or not readily obtainable for the majority of toxicants, successful case outcome depends on appropriate decontamination procedures and good symptomatic, supportive, and nursing care. A general approach to treating the intoxicated or suspected intoxicated patient should adhere to the principles shown in 10.1.1-3
Stabilize vital signs Stabilization generally focuses on maintaining respiratory, cardiovascular and neurologic function. It is important to keep in mind that many toxicants affect more than one critical organ system: • Airway patency and normal ventilation can
be impaired by a number of toxicants (e.g. localized swelling and edema secondary to snake bites [p. 592], increased bronchial secretions
The recognition of a possible intoxication and the identification of specific toxicants can be challenging, especially in the absence of historical clues to specific toxicant exposure. Obtaining a comprehensive history that includes possible toxicants in a horse’s environment is critical. The mere presence of a toxicant, however, does not mean that there has been exposure to the compound. Evidence of exposure, occurrence of compatible clinical signs, and possible laboratory testing are necessary components to a toxicologic diagnosis.
