ABSTRACT
Coffee beans are roasted, ground, and brewed to produce one of the most popular beverages in the world, with over 600 billion cups (ICO 2011a) consumed each year. Coffee is produced in over 60 countries, mainly by smallholder farmers (ICO 2011a). It is one of the five most traded and consumed agricultural products worldwide (FAO 2009), providing livelihood for over 125 million people around the world
Contents
9.1 Introduction 341 9.2 Taxonomy 342 9.3 Natural Habitat of the Genus Coffea L. 343 9.4 Early Spread of Arabica and Robusta Coffee 344
9.4.1 Coffea arabica L. 345 9.4.2 Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner 346
9.5 Modern Cultivars of Arabica and Robusta Coffee 348 9.5.1 Coffea arabica L. 348 9.5.2 Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner 351
9.6 Coffee Bean Development 352 9.6.1 Reproduction Systems 352 9.6.2 Flowering and Fruiting 353 9.6.3 Coffee Cherry 354
9.7 Production 356 9.8 Trade 359 9.9 Consumption 360 9.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects 361 References 361
(ICO 2011a). e commercial species are arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner), which accounted, respectively, for 63% and 37% of the world trade in 2010 (ICO 2011a).
