Applications of Raman and Infrared spectroscopies to the research and conservation of subterranean cultural heritage

Here we report on the applicability of infrared and Raman vibrational spectroscopies as useful techniques in the scientific research of the subterranean cultural heritage (such as wall paintings and archaeological objects found in prehistoric caves, mural paintings in churches and ancient catacombs, mummified bodies and human remains in ancient burials). We will also pay attention to the use of vibrational spectroscopies techniques in the investigation of the underground cultural heritage biodegradation caused by bacteria and fungi.