ABSTRACT
Another important use of grouting in-situ is to improve the impermeability of the rockmass structure. For this use, chemical grouting technology is the most popular way nowadays. The most used chemical grouting materials include water glass, acrylamide, acrylate, lignin, polyurethane, urea-formaldehyde resin and epoxy resins (Ge 2006). The advantage of chemical grouting technology is that the consolidate time is easy to control. The viscosity of chemical material is lower than cement material, so the grouting pressure is lower and can permeate to any fissure if it has reasonable gap in theory. But most of the chemical materials are toxic and expensive, so the development of chemical grouting was limited (Luo 2006).
