Study on slope stability of earth rockfill dam in the reinforcement process of building cut-off wall

In which, σ is the true (Cauchy) stress, δε is the virtual strain, δv is virtual displacement, fδ is surface tractions per unit area, f is volume force per unit volume (without the fluid gravity), s is the soil saturation, n is the porosity of the soil, ρw is the density of fluid, g is the gravity acceleration.