Study on the setting and evaluation of left-turn waiting area at signalized intersections

Table 1). The setting of left-turn waiting area draws the left-turn flow near to the center of intersection; as restricted by an area of intersection, the length of waiting area should satisfy the following conditions: firstly, it is critical to keep the left-turn waiting area away from direct moving vehicles in opposite direction, in case that the flows make a collision with each other; in addition, for driving safety the leftturn traffic flow has to maintain a safe distance with the left-turn flow in opposite direction.