ABSTRACT
The thoracolumbar spine represents a transition zone between the relatively stiff and kyphotic thoracic spine and the more mobile and lordotic lumbar spine. Multiple spinal fractures occur in up to 20 per cent of cases; and although 70 per cent of thoracolumbar fractures occur without neurological injury, an understanding of the different patterns of potential neurological involvement is essential. The spinal cord occupies approximately 35 per cent of the spinal canal in the upper cervical region and 50 per cent in the lower cervical and thoracolumbar spine. The guidelines advise that evidence is adequate to support the use of these procedures provided that normal arrangements are in place for consent, audit and governance, but recommend that the procedure be limited to patients whose pain is refractory to more conservative treatment. Thoracic vertebrae are characterized by the presence of costal facets for articulation with the ribs.
