ABSTRACT
Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar, MSc, PhD, Snehal Suryavanshi, MSc, and Prerna Raina, MSc
CONTENTS
3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................63 3.1.1 Why Is It Important? ...............................................................................................63 3.1.2 Epidemiology ...........................................................................................................64 3.1.3 Types of Breast Cancer ............................................................................................66 3.1.4 Current Methods for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy ....................... 69 3.1.5 Test Providers and Popular Tests with Cost Involved ........................................ 69
3.2 Treatment Strategy, Targeted Therapy, Drug Targets, and Pharmacogenomics for Breast Cancer .................................................................................................................. 71 3.2.1 Treatment Strategy ................................................................................................... 71 3.2.2 Targeted Therapy .....................................................................................................72 3.2.3 Pharmacogenomics in Breast Cancer .................................................................... 73
3.3 Invasive and Noninvasive Biomarkers: Advantages and Disadvantages ................... 74 3.4 Different Invasive Biomarkers Currently Used and Under Development .................. 75
3.4.1 Currently Used Invasive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Detection ....................75 3.4.1.1 Estrogen Receptors (ERα, ERβ) ................................................................75 3.4.1.2 Progesterone Receptor .............................................................................. 75 3.4.1.3 HER-2 .......................................................................................................... 76 3.4.1.4 Ki-67 ............................................................................................................ 76 3.4.1.5 p53 ............................................................................................................... 76
3.4.2 Different Invasive Molecular Biomarkers Currently under Development for This Cancer ......................................................................................................... 78 3.4.2.1 SMAR1 ........................................................................................................ 78 3.4.2.2 CDP/Cux ..................................................................................................... 79 3.4.2.3 SATB1 .......................................................................................................... 79 3.4.2.4 BRCA1 .........................................................................................................80 3.4.2.5 BTG3/ANA/APRO4 ..................................................................................80 3.4.2.6 Cyclin D1 ....................................................................................................80
