ABSTRACT
Climate change is one of the burning and complex problems facing mankind today. The overriding complexity of the problem is attributed to its deeper global consequence on a vast range of issues impacting the very survival of life on Earth. Climate change is defined as any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences or in other words it is the shift in the average statistics of weather for long-term at a specific time for a specific region. Average weather may include temperature, precipitation and wind patterns. It involves changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over durations ranging from decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by dynamic process on earth, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity and by human activities. Climate change in the usage of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) refers to ‘a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties that persists for an extended period, typically for decades or longer. It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity’ (IPCC, 2007).
