ABSTRACT
Biochar refers to a series plant biomass derived materials reserved in the continuum of black carbon during a certain period. Materials of the continuum of black carbon are made from plant tissue containing carbon and artificial materials that have the same characteristics. Biochar are got for the partial combustion, or called carbide of different materials (Preston, 2006). The raw materials can be all kinds of plant material such as agricultural waste, forest waste and sawdust etc. which is rich in carbon source. High temperature during pyrolysis cause the polymer in raw material to produce aromatic and aliphatic compounds, and form a stable, atmospheric CO2 absorption agent, that can be benefit to soil characters potentially (Lehmann, 2007). The strong stability of Black carbon
1 INTRODUCTION
The productivity of land has decline in modern society because of natural and humanity causes, which lead the degradation of ecosystems. Due to the limitation of low complexity of soil physicalchemical properties and soil biological communities in degradation of ecosystem, the natural restoration process will be slow. At present, most of recovery measures on degenerate system focused on plant community and paid less attention to underground food web and the soil ecological process (Kardol, 2010). Early before Columbus immigrated into South America, the natives of South America used charcoal as the amendment to condition the local high weathered soil, which is called “black soil” (Terra preta) now, this “black soil” is still one of the world’s most fertile soil on earth. The improved process of amazons basin “black soil” was as following, first, biochar and organism waste were mixed, and then were turned to similar biochar-organic matrix via microbial transformation (Glaser, 2007). The success of the “black soil”, suggests that humans can build collaborative process between the plant-microbial-soil conditioner, accelerate soil synthesis and repair process in a relatively short period of time according to the generation process of the soil. Therefore, for the recovery of degraded ecosystem, it is necessary
in the soil can get to as high as hundreds to thousands of years, without being microbial degradation (Glaser, 2002).
