ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Transportation networks are the backbone of modern societies; commuting, freight transportation, leisure travel are mainly accommodated by highways. A natural disaster may disrupt highway operations and therefore multiple community functions, which have to be rapidly restored. In addition, it creates needs for immediate emergency response (relief services etc). It is a fact that transportation networks are “lifelines”; both emergency response and quick restoration of community functions rely heavily on the ability of transportation networks to handle traffic. Unfortunately, transportation infrastructure elements such as bridges and tunnels are highly prone to damages caused by natural disasters (for example earthquakes). Bridges are probably among the most expensive and complex constructions of a transportation network. On the other hand, bridges are vital links within a transportation network; their failure to operate may lead to long bypasses and inability to access communities.
