ABSTRACT
Iodine, a micronutrient, is an essential element for normal growth and development in animals and men. Iodine is not synthesized by the body and is required to be provided through the daily diet in the recommended amounts. Iodine deficiency occurs when iodine intake falls below the recommended levels. Iodine requirements for various population groups range from 90 to 250 μg/day, the requirement being much higher during pregnancy and lactation (Table 20.1). During lactation, a higher level of iodine is required to meet the additional demands during the first six-month period of exclusive breastfeeding and for the maintenance of adequate level of iodine.
