ABSTRACT
Long established job characteristic models of stress have shown clear links between adverse working conditions and poorer employee health and well-being. Research suggests that job characteristics often have additive effects and that stress and negative outcomes can be predicted by the combined effects of these factors (Smith et al, 2004). Transactional models of stress (e.g. the Demands-Resources-Individual Effects, DRIVE, model, Mark & Smith, 2008 suggest that it is important to examine the combined effects of occupational and individual variables that can influence both positive and negative outcomes.
