ABSTRACT

Voyiadjis et al. (2011) categorized self-healing systems into two groups: damage-mechanismstriggered active systems and external-simulationinduced passive systems. The authors previously proposed a thermo-mechanical model coupling crack debonding, opening, closure, and rebonding (Zhu & Arson 2014), which belongs to a uncoupled passive system, analogous to the close-then-heal mechanism proposed by Li & Uppu (2010). Microstructure descriptors used in the damage and healing model included void area and void projected length. Experimental results did not allow the continuous observation of a given section of the sample, which made it impossible to track fabric changes such as packing or grain re-arrangement.