Augmented node branch incidence matrix based back/forward sweep flow calculation

First, form ANBIM using network topology information, denoted as A. There are x nodes, y branches, z Tie Switches (TS), we can get x × (y + z) ranks ANBIM. Keeping TS in this matrix, we can analyze topology flexibly when network changes. If the element in row i and column j in the matrix is “1”, then node i and branch j directly connected.