ABSTRACT
Natural resources should always be considered when practical large-scale production is envisaged. Originally, the positive electrode material used in most commercial lithium-ion batteries was lithium cobalt oxide. It is well known that the natural reserves of Co all over the world are limited. The consumption of Co in the lithium-ion battery industry is not decreasing. Using the manufacture in Japan as an example, one AAA-size lithium-ion battery requires 10 g Co2O3. On the other hand, Co is the most expensive element, followed by Ni and Mn. If lithium manganese oxide can be used as a positive electrode material, the cost of lithium-ion batteries will decrease greatly. In addition, Mn is free of poison and has a small adverse impact on the environment, and there is rich experience of Mn recycling gained in the production of lithium primary batteries. LiMn2O4 has a spinel structure,
CONTENTS
4.1 Structure of Spinel LiMn2O4 ......................................................................60 4.2 Preparation Methods for LiMn2O4 ............................................................ 62
4.2.1 Solid-State Reactions ....................................................................... 62 4.2.2 Sol-Gel Methods ...............................................................................63 4.2.3 Template Methods ...........................................................................65 4.2.4 Mechanochemical Methods ........................................................... 67 4.2.5 Other Methods .................................................................................68
