ABSTRACT
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1.1 Introduction All ultrasonic imaging or therapeutic systems require an ultrasonic transducer to convert electrical energy into ultrasonic or acoustic energy and vice versa. Ultrasonic transducers come in a variety of shapes and sizes ranging from single-element transducers for mechanical scanning, to linear arrays, to multidimensional arrays for electronic scanning. The most critical component of an ultrasonic transducer is a piezoelectric element.
