ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: There are many gathering risks in urban open space when the dense crowd in large-scale activity happened, which cause stampede to aggravate injure. Many accidents like this have happened both at home and abroad. Therefore, incidents in these places need evacuation necessarily, whether at normal or emergency status. In other terms, if an excellent optimization modeling for the evacuation analysis is presented, this advance method will help the crowd evacuate effectively to avoid crowding accidents. Among it, how to distribute the crowd to actual exits safely is one of the keys in the evacuation process. The exit optimization modeling presented in dense urban open space basing on evacuation statistics realizes the key factors of three times optimization, namely the shortest distant principle by the iterative optimization theory of Operations Research, similar evacuation time principle by distribution method, and terrain constraints matching principle by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) or structural equation. The final optimization scheme presented here can guide everyone in dense urban open space toward safety exit reasonably to improve evacuation efficiency by setting evacuation signs or broadcasting during the evacuation. Based on the exit optimization, the method for the layout of crowd guidance signs is provided easily. Furthermore, it is significant to establish intelligent crowd flow guidance system for the urban open space in the future.
