ABSTRACT
Urodynamics in infants and children is basically the same procedure as in adults and shares the same techniques and objectives. This chapter focuses on those two aspects: first, on how to prepare, inform, reassure, encourage, and comfort the child before and during the urodynamic examination; second, how to report the expected range of “normal” values for urodynamic variables from infancy to adolescence. The normal development of lower urinary tract function from infancy to adolescence has to be reviewed before describing the urodynamic procedures and techniques used in children and what results to expect. The infant’s voiding is also characterized by a physiological form of detrusor-sphincter dyscoordination, which has been shown in free voiding studies as interrupted voidings and increase in postvoid residual urine. The indications for urodynamics in infants and children are the same as for adults: namely, suspicion of neurogenic, non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction, or structural outflow obstruction.
