Thermal and calorific effects accompanying the stress softening

One of the main phenomena in the mechanics of rubber-like materials dates from the observation by Bouasse & Carrière in 1903 (Bouasse & Carrière 1903) of stress softening after the first mechanical load. Later, this phenomenon was studied more precisely by Mullins in 1948 (Mullins 1948) and was then referred to as “the Mullins effect”.