ABSTRACT
Models of Police Complaints and Disciplinary Systems ................................... 4 Internal Aairs ................................................................................................... 4 Civilian Review .................................................................................................. 5 Civilian Control ................................................................................................. 6
Reviews and Inquiries ............................................................................................ 8 e United States ............................................................................................... 8 England and Wales .......................................................................................... 12 Northern Ireland ...............................................................................................16 Australia ............................................................................................................ 19
Implications and Issues ........................................................................................ 22 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 23 References .............................................................................................................. 24
concerns about external control, inform a compromise package of recommendations that stymie reform, triggering new scandals. By bringing these ndings together, the chapter makes a strong case for a substantive role for independent agencies as part of a comprehensive set of misconduct prevention strategies.
