Impacts of runoff and tides on offshore water level in south of Chongming Island

Union of runoff, tides, and wind has dominated offshore water level changes in tidal reaches, and which have been broadly acknowledged. Many relative scholars ever discussed on formation of the changes.Among them, Frans (2014), Idier et al. (2012), Chen et al. (2002), Zhang (2013), Li et al. (2004, 2009), and Ding et al. (2005) all had confirmed the statement. But (Niu et al. 2009) still held another consideration, which was that in addition to those factors, air temperature is also a vital determiner for residual water levels (measured water level – astronomical tide – mean sea level) in China’s Yangtze River estuary. However, as so far, quantitative studies to probe into the impact mechanism is still quite scarce, especially combined with periodic analysis.