ABSTRACT
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) commonly referred to as red tides, have emerged more and more frequently in the world. USA, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Puerto Rico and many other coastal countries, have reported massive blooms of red tides (Morton et al. 2010, Roy et al. 2013, Sutherland & Levings 2013). HABs may affect severely on aquatic organisms, marine environment, fishery, local economy and public health (Hallegraeff 2010, Tanaka et al. 2010). It is usually caused by the following reasons: nutrient enrichment, domestic and industrial sewage discharge, aquaculture production, ships deballasting, and aggregation for organisms (Mizuno et al. 2010, Imai & Yamaguchi 2012, Wyatt & Zingone 2014).
