ABSTRACT
A pest, by definition, is an organism that causes harm to mankind, crops, or property (Dent 2000). Therefore, the concepts of pest and damage are closely linked. These are usually, although not exclusively, caused by insects and pathogens. Forested lands are usually managed on a multiple-use basis, that is, for the simultaneous production of several resources from the same unit of land. Resources include timber products and ecosystem services such as water for irrigation or human consumption, livestock and wildlife forage, wildlife protection, recreation, and fish habitat. Consequently, in multiple-use forestry, pest damage can be defined as the negative effects of an organism on the quantity and quality of the entire array of resources that are expected from a unit of land. The role of the silviculturist is to create a forest that will produce resources of the desired kind, in the
CONTENTS
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 281 10.2 Requirements for Pest Damage Forecasting .................................................................. 282 10.3Effects of Pests on Stand Structures ................................................................................283 10.4Pest Epidemiology .............................................................................................................284 10.5 Overview of Currently Available Pest Simulators and Decision Support Systems ....285 10.6 Ecological Forest Management of Pests through Modeling: Case Studies for
British Columbia ................................................................................................................ 289 10.6.1TASS/TIPSY Growth and Yield Model Overview ............................................ 289 10.6.2TASS Pest Submodel Overview ........................................................................... 289
10.6.2.1 Phellinus Root Disease Simulation Using the TASS-ROTSIM and TIPSY Models: An Application with Operational Adjustment Factors ................................................................................. 290
10.6.2.2SWAT and Spruce Weevil Simulation with a TASS Overview ........294 10.6.2.3Mountain Pine Beetle: An Example Simulation with TASS
and BEETLE Models ............................................................................... 296 10.7 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 299 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 299 References ..................................................................................................................................... 299
right amount, and of the right value (Smith 1962) while maximizing all timber and nontimber values and minimizing the impacts on ecosystem function (Leech et al. 2009).
