ABSTRACT
As we know the Turpan Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Grottoes, the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and India Ajanta Grottoes are famous for its exquisite murals in the world. Unfortunately, most murals suffer from the damage of local environment and human activities after construction, especially a variety of diseases, such as exfoliation, detachment, fumigation, discoloration and disruption, have emerged on these murals. Among these deterioration categories, exfoliating is defined as paint layer aging and plaster layer failing to bonding on the face of paint layer resulting from the detachment of paint layer (Shi et al., 1997; Wang, 2005). In contrast to other deterioration categories, this overall process of the detachment is not gradually detected with the naked eye, especially its location and range, because it usually occurs at the micro area of paint layer. Therefore, using modern analytical technique analyses accurately exfoliating, SEM can in particular enlarge the exfoliating to several thousand times, and even several million times. At the same time, the compositions of the microstructure can be analyzed correspondingly. By connecting the microstructure with chemical composition of the repaired place, SEM performs accurately the in situ and credible microanalysis (Mantler et al., 2000; Leutenegger et al., 2000; Sciuti et al., 1991).
