ABSTRACT
Affected by sunshine, precipitation, eolian sand as well as biological activity, the rocks and stone relics in nature will gradually produce mechanical damage or chemical decomposition (a physical or chemical change called the weathering of rocks). Due to the differences in mineral composition and structure construction of rocks, the weathering degrees of different rocks under the same environment are not identical. For stone relics, the longterm weathering of rocks will result in their surface spalling, which will cause irretrievable damage to these stone relics. In order to preserve historical and cultural heritage, it is very important to study how to protect all kinds of stone relics. Meanwhile, the quantitation of weathering and spalling depth as well as weathering velocity of rocks has some significance to the research on the long-term protection of stone relics. In addition, assessing and forecasting the weathering degrees and resistances
and white jade pointing on the Gate of Tong Xian of ancient City Wall at Quzhou by adopting the squeeze-film technique of soft-plastic materials in 2008 (Yang, 2008). Then, they used a three-dimensional laser scanner (Leica Scanstation 2) to measure the weathering and spalling depths of rocks and white jade pointing on the Small West Gate of ancient City Wall at Quzhou in 2013, and sorted the weathering resistances of different rocks (Yang, 2013). Zhang Zhongjian and others measured the weathering and spalling depth of sandstone on the bottom of wall foundation in the Ancient City of Ping Yao by means of their selfmade instrument (Zhang, 2009; Zhang, 2010). In addition, Zhang Zhongjian, Sun Yali and others also measured the weathering and spalling depths of sandstone in Yungang Grottoes, siltstone in Long You Grottoes, rhyolite in Confucian Temple of Quzhou, rocks on the Gate of Tong Xian at Quzhou and slabstone in Zhang Yuanxun’s former residence by applying three-dimensional laser scan technology, plasticine squeeze-film technology and self-made measuring instrument (Zhang, 2010; Zhang, 2010; Zhang, 2012; Sun, 2014; Sun, 2015).
