ABSTRACT
Loop in VDM-RT.................................................................................................... 318 13.3 Smart Energy System ........................................................................................................ 318 13.4 Smart Cities, Smart Buildings, Smart Grid, and Intelligent Transport Systems ...... 320
13.4.1 Smart Cities ............................................................................................................. 320 13.4.2 Smart Buildings ..................................................................................................... 321
13.4.2.1 Current State of the Technology ........................................................... 322 13.4.2.2 Measurement Problems and Impediments ......................................... 323
13.4.3 Smart Grids ............................................................................................................. 324 13.4.4 Intelligent Transport Systems .............................................................................. 325 13.4.5 Multivehicle Cooperative Driving and Intersection Control Research ......... 326
13.4.5.1 Intelligent Sensing for Cyber-Physical Smart Cars ............................ 326 13.4.6 Aviation ................................................................................................................... 327
13.5 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 328 References ..................................................................................................................................... 328
usability of CPS. The increase in software attributes will broaden the potential of CPS in several dimensions like intervention in case of collision avoidance; precision in case of robotic surgery and nanolevel manufacturing; operation in dangerous or inaccessible environments in case of search and rescue, reghting, and deep-sea exploration; coordination in case of air trafc control, war ghting, and efciency in case of zero-net energy buildings; and augmentation of human capabilities in case of health-care monitoring and delivery.
