ABSTRACT

GHGs Greenhouse gases GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment SCIAMACHY Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for

Atmospheric Cartography OMI Ozone Monitoring Instrument FRP Fire radiative power MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradio-

m eter NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration EOS Earth Observing System DOMINO Dutch OMI-NO2 TEMIS Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet

Service

Biomass burning is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and aerosols including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx),

ammonia (NH4), and volatile organic compounds (Andreae and Merlet, 2001). Global annual areas burned for the years 1997 through 2011 vary from 301 to 377 Mha, with an average of 348 Mha (Giglio et  al., 2013). Of the di¦erent regions, tropical Asia is considered a major source of biomass burning (Streets et al., 2003; Vadrevu and Justice, 2011). Important sources of biomass burning emissions in tropical Asia include deforestation (van Der Werf et al., 2008), slash-and-burn agriculture (Prasad et al., 2000; Langner et al., 2007), agricultural residue burning (Badarinath et  al., 2009; Vadrevu et  al., 2011; 2012; Cheewaphongphan and Garivait, 2013), management ¤res (Murdiyarso and Level, 2007), and peat land burning (Heil et  al., 2007). Present estimates suggest that globally, wild¤res contribute about 20% of the fossil fuel carbon emissions to the atmosphere and global ¤re emissions averaged over 1997-2009 amount to 2.0 Pg C year−1 (van der Werf et al., 2010). It is estimated that carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) emissions from ¤res comprise approximately 30% and 15% of global total direct emissions, respectively (Jaeglé et  al., 2005; Müller and Stavrakou, 2005; Arellano et  al., 2006). Enhanced CO and NOx concentrations can impact tropospheric ozone

Acronyms and De¤nitions ................................................................................................................ 545 21.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 545 21.2 Study Area ................................................................................................................................ 547 21.3 Datasets .................................................................................................................................... 548

21.4 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 549 Descriptive Statistics • Time-Series Regression

21.6 Discussion .................................................................................................................................555 21.7 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................. 556 Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................................................557 References .............................................................................................................................................557