ABSTRACT
Heather Quinn, Keith Morgan, Paul Graham, Zachary Baker, Michael Caffrey, Diane Roussel-Dupree, Will Howes, Eric Johnson, Jon Johnson, Jim Krone, David Lee, Kevin Lundgreen, Tony Nelson, Brian Pratt, Nathan Rollins, Anthony Salazar, Gary Swift and Michael Wirthlin
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.2 Radiation Characteristization of FPGAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.2.1 Static Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.2.2 The Effect of SEUs on Circuit Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2.2.1 Routing Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.2.2.2 Logic Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.2.2.3 Tie Offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.2.2.4 Failures that Affect Circuit State . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.2.2.5 Failures that Affect the Component’s
Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.2.3 Modeling On-Orbit SEU Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.3 Hardness Assurance Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.3.1 Modeling Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.3.2 Fault Emulation Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.3.3 Accelerated Radiation Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.4 Case Study: The Mission Response Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.4.1 Pre-Launch Testing and Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4.1.1 Pre-Launch Fault Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2.4.2 Flight Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.4.2.1 SEUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2.4.2.2 SEU locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.4.2.3 SEFIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 2.4.2.4 MCUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 2.4.2.5 Affected Memory Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
and
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Document release number: LA-UR-14-28686. This work was funded by the Department of Energy through the De-
ployable Adaptive Processing Systems, Sensor-Oriented Processing and Networking; the Cibola Flight Experiment and the Space-Based Nuclear Detonation Detection projects at Los Alamos National Laboratory; NASA through the Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit project under AIST contract #NAG513516; and the Air Force Research Laboratory under the FPGA Mission Assurance Center.
