ABSTRACT
The concept of the IoT was proposed in 1999 by the Auto-ID laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). ITU released it in 2005, beginning in China. The IoT can be defined as “data and devices continually available through the Internet.” Interconnection of things (objects) that can be addressed
unambiguously and heterogeneous networks constitute the IoT. Radiofrequency identification (RFID), sensors, smart technologies, and nanotechnologies are the major contributors to the IoT for a variety of services, as shown in Figure 1.1. Goldman Sachs quoted that there are 28 billion reasons to care about the IoT. They also added that in the 1990s, the fixed Internet could connect one billion end users, while in the 2000s, the mobile Internet could connect another two billion. With this growth rate, the IoT will bring as many as 28 billion “things” to the Internet by 2020. With the drastic reduction in the cost of things, sensors, bandwidth, processing, smartphones, and the migration toward IPv6, 5G could make the IoT easier to adopt than expected. Every “thing” comes under one umbrella encompassing all the things.
