ABSTRACT
Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the urinary system with an estimated 141,610 new cases expected to be diagnosed in the year 2014 accounting for 5,897 deaths in the United States alone.1 The peak age of incidence is between 50 and 70 years with a male-female ratio of 3:1. Bladder cancer is the most frequently recurring cancer known to man thereby needing long-term surveillance after initial therapy. Moreover, patients with bladder cancer survive longer than most other cancers making it one of the most expensive cancers to manage.2
