ABSTRACT
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 92 Multiple RNAPs in chloroplasts ................................................................................................. 94 Plastid transcription ...................................................................................................................... 96
Overview of bacterial transcription regulators .................................................................... 96 Chloroplast sigma factors ....................................................................................................... 97 PEP-associated proteins .......................................................................................................... 98 Transcription elongation and termination .......................................................................... 100 Light-dependent PEP transcription ..................................................................................... 100 Regulation of chloroplast transcription by ppGpp ........................................................... 102 NEP regulators ........................................................................................................................ 102 Posttranscriptional regulation .............................................................................................. 103 PPR proteins in chloroplasts ................................................................................................. 105
Chloroplast promoters ............................................................................................................... 106 PEP promoters ........................................................................................................................ 106 NEP promoters ....................................................................................................................... 109
Nucleoids ..................................................................................................................................... 109 Evolution of plastid transcription ............................................................................................. 111
Plastid genomes ...................................................................................................................... 111 Chloroplast sigma factors ..................................................................................................... 112 Evolution of transcription factors ........................................................................................ 113 Evolution of NEP .................................................................................................................... 113
References .................................................................................................................................... 114
chloroplasts, unique factors involved in posttranscriptional modi- cation in chloroplasts, chloroplast promoters, and dynamics of chloroplast nucleoids.
