ABSTRACT
SANGITA SAHNI,1 BISHUN D. PRASAD,2 and SUNITA KUMARI3
1Department of Plant Pathology, T.C.A., Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, B.A.C., Sabour, Bihar, India
3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kishanganj, BAU, Sabour, Bihar, India
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 59 4.2 Mungbean Yellow Mosaic ............................................................. 60 4.2.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 60 4.2.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 60 4.2.3 Management ....................................................................... 62 4.3 Leaf Crinkle ................................................................................... 62 4.3.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 62 4.3.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 63 4.3.3 Management ....................................................................... 64 4.4 Mosaic Mottle ................................................................................ 64 4.4.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 64 4.4.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 65 4.4.3 Management ....................................................................... 66
4.5 Leaf Curl ........................................................................................ 66 4.5.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 66 4.5.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 66 4.5.3 Management ....................................................................... 66 4.6 Cercospora Leaf Spot ..................................................................... 67 4.6.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 67 4.6.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 67 4.6.3 Management ....................................................................... 67 4.7 Powdery Mildew ............................................................................ 69 4.7.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 69 4.7.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 69 4.7.3 Management ....................................................................... 70 4.8 Anthracnose .................................................................................... 71 4.8.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 71 4.8.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 71 4.8.3 Management ....................................................................... 71 4.9 Macrophomina Blight .................................................................... 72 4.9.1 Causal Organism ................................................................ 72 4.9.2 Symptoms ........................................................................... 72 4.9.3 Management ....................................................................... 73 4.10 Web Blight ................................................................................... 73 4.10.1 Causal Organism .............................................................. 73 4.10.2 Symptoms ......................................................................... 73 4.10.3 Management ..................................................................... 74 4.11 Bacterial Leaf Spot ....................................................................... 74 4.11.1 Causal Organism .............................................................. 74 4.11.2 Symptoms ......................................................................... 74 4.11.3 Management ..................................................................... 75 Keywords ................................................................................................ 75 References ............................................................................................... 75
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] and Urdbean [V. mungo (L.) Hepper] are the important pulse crops in India after chickpea and pigeonpea. These are also widely cultivated throughout Southern Asia like Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, China and Taiwan. In India these crops are cultivated in three different seasons, viz., kharif, rabi and summer. It is grown as sole relay crop in rice fallows during rabi season in Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Orissa and sole catch crop during spring/summer season in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. However, maximum area of its cultivation is under kharif, where intercropping with sorghum, pearl-millet, maize, cotton, castor, pigeonpea, etc., are popular. Short maturity duration (<60 days) make the crop ideal for catch cropping, intercropping and relay cropping. These crops are grown principally for its high protein seeds that are used as human food, that can be prepared by cooking, fermenting, milling or sprouting, they are utilized in making soups, curries, bread, sweets, noodles, salads, boiled dahl, sprouts, bean cake, confectionery, to fortify wheat flour in making vermicelli and many other culinary products like sabut dhal, dhal, papad, namkeen, halwah, and vari, etc. (Singh et al., 1988). The protein is comparatively rich in lysine, an amino acid that is deficient in cereal grains. They complement each other and hence enhance the food quality. Besides being a rich source of protein, these are also important for sustainable agriculture and enriching soil organic matter through biological nitrogen fixation. India is the largest producer of mungbean and account 54% of the world production and covers 65% of the world acreage. Mungbean is grown on about 3.43 million hectares with annual production of 1.71 million tons. Similarly, Urdbean is grown on about 3.30 million hectares with annual production of 1.83 million tons (AICRP, 2012-2013). The average yield fluctuates between 300 to 500 kg/ha for a decade in India. The yield losses (5-100%) reported due to various biotic stresses, which is responsible for the fluctuation in the average yield. The biotic stresses like diseases incited by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes are major limiting factors for high yield. Therefore, there is a need to correct identification, diagnosis and adaptation of suitable management strategies against different diseases
of these crops. Since mungbean and urdbean are infested by similar bacterial, fungal pathogens and viruses, they have been dealt together. A brief account of the most important diseases of these crops in India, including the causes, symptoms, management of these destructive diseases, are discussed here. These diseases are responsible for reducing overall production as well as quality of the crop produce.
