ABSTRACT
College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat – 791102, Arunachal Pradesh, India; E-mail: rcshakywar@gmail.com
14.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 270 14.2 Bacterial Diseases ...................................................................... 271 14.2.1 Crown Gall ................................................................... 271 14.2.1.1 Symptoms .................................................... 271 14.2.1.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 272 14.2.1.3 Etiology ....................................................... 272 14.2.1.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 272 14.2.1.5 Favorable Condition .................................... 272 14.2.1.6 Disease Cycle .............................................. 273 14.2.1.7 Integrated Disease Management .................. 273 14.3 Fungal Diseases ......................................................................... 273 14.3.1 Anthracnose .................................................................. 273 14.3.1.1 Symptoms .................................................... 273 14.3.1.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 274 14.3.1.3 Etiology ....................................................... 274 14.3.1.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 274
14.3.1.5 Favorable Conditions ................................... 274 14.3.1.6 Disease Cycle .............................................. 274 14.3.1.7 Integrated Disease Management .................. 274 14.3.2 Black Spot .................................................................... 275 14.3.2.1 Symptoms .................................................... 275 14.3.2.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 275 14.3.2.3 Etiology ....................................................... 276 14.3.2.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 276 14.3.2.5 Favorable Conditions ................................... 276 14.3.2.6 Disease Cycle .............................................. 276 14.3.2.7 Integrated Disease Management .................. 276 14.3.3 Botrytis Blight .............................................................. 277 14.3.3.1 Symptoms .................................................... 277 14.3.3.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 277 14.3.3.3 Etiology ....................................................... 277 14.3.3.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 278 14.3.3.5 Favorable Conditions ................................... 278 14.3.3.6 Disease Cycle .............................................. 278 14.3.3.7 Integrated Disease Management .................. 278 14.3.4 Canker .......................................................................... 278 14.3.4.1 Symptoms .................................................... 279 14.3.4.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 279 14.3.4.3 Disease Cycle .............................................. 279 14.3.4.4 Integrated Disease Management .................. 279 14.3.5 Downy Mildew ............................................................ 280 14.3.5.1 Symptoms .................................................... 280 14.3.5.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 280 14.3.5.3 Etiology ....................................................... 280 14.3.5.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 280 14.3.5.5 Favorable Conditions ................................... 280 14.3.5.6 Integrated Disease Management .................. 281 14.3.6 Powdery Mildew .......................................................... 281
14.3.6.1 Symptoms .................................................... 281 14.3.6.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 281 14.3.6.3 Etiology ....................................................... 282 14.3.6.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 282 14.3.6.5 Favorable Conditions ................................... 282 14.3.6.6 Disease Cycle .............................................. 282 14.3.6.7 Integrated Disease Management .................. 282 14.3.7 Rust .............................................................................. 283 14.3.7.1 Symptoms .................................................... 283 14.3.7.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 283 14.3.7.3 Etiology ....................................................... 283 14.3.7.4 Mode of Spread/Survival ............................. 283 14.3.7.5 Favorable Conditions ................................... 283 14.3.7.6 Disease Cycle .............................................. 283 14.3.7.7 Integrated Disease Management .................. 284 14.4 Viral Diseases ............................................................................. 284 14.4.1 Prunus Necrotic Ring Spot Virus (PNRSV) ................ 284 14.4.1.1 Symptoms .................................................... 284 14.4.1.2 Name of Virus .............................................. 285 14.4.1.3 Transmission of Virus .................................. 285 14.4.1.4 Management ................................................ 285 14.4.2 Rose Rosette ................................................................. 285 14.4.2.1 Symptoms .................................................... 285 14.4.2.2 Causal Organism .......................................... 285 14.4.2.3 Mode of Transmission ................................. 286 14.4.2.4 Management ................................................ 286 14.5 Nematode Diseases .................................................................... 286 14.5.1 Root Knot Nematode ................................................... 287 14.5.2 Lesion Nematode ......................................................... 288 14.5.3 Sting Nematodes .......................................................... 288 14.5.4 Dagger Nematode ........................................................ 288 14.5.5 Spiral Nematode ........................................................... 289
14.5.6 Ring Nematode ............................................................ 289 14.5.7 Management of Nematode Diseases ............................ 289 14.6 Non-Parasitic Diseases/Physiological Disorders ....................... 290 14.6.1 Winter Injury ................................................................ 290 14.6.2 Management ................................................................. 291 Keywords .............................................................................................. 291 References ............................................................................................. 292
14.1 INTRODUCTION
Rose belongs to the family Roasaceae and all species of this flower, with minor exceptions belong to the genus Rosa. The genus contains about 120 species and there are more than 30,000 cultivars differing in form, shape, size, color, fragrance and flowering habit in cultivation. It is a mainly a shrub, though some are of creeping habit. The rose has four basic growth types: bush, climbing, ground cover and standard. The rose stems are normally covered with few to numerous thorns, although few cultivars are thorn less. The rose has compound leaf with five or seven leaflets. The inflorescence in the rose is determinant type and in the form of panicle, corymb or solitary. Flower colors range from orange, pink, red, white, yellow and combinations of these colors. The fertilized flowers form attractive fruits, which are termed as ‘hip.’ It is very prosperous in vitamin A, B and C. It has been growing for millions of years. Thirty million years old fossils of rose have been found in Oregon and Colorado (Mukhopadhyay, 1990).
