ABSTRACT
Modern wastewater treatment is dominated by the activated sludge process, which was developed over 100 years ago [1]. Organic compounds are biologically oxidized in an aerated tank. Then, the sludge is typically separated from the treated effluent in sedimentation tanks, partly returned to the inlet of the aerated tank, and partly wasted as excess sludge (or waste activated sludge, WAS) [2]. Alternatively, membrane filtration can be used to separate the activated sludge from the treated water [3].
