ABSTRACT
Energy absorption systems are widely used in the engineering systems (such as car bumpers, subfloor of aircrafts, the bottom of lifts, train buffers, marine structures, machinery and so on) during impact or sudden accidents. The main goal of energy absorption systems is to protect the engineering systems from serious damage, prevent occupant fatalities, and minimize the severity of injuries in the event of crash impacts. The energy absorption characteristics considered include load-displacement history, total absorbed energy, specific absorbed energy, stroke crushing length, mean crushing force and crush force efficiency (Lu & Yu 2003, Olabi et al. 2007).
