ABSTRACT
Thin-walled structural members are widely used for crashworthiness operation. Circular tubes have been known to be efficient energy absorbers per unit weight, and may be considered as the main part for energy-absorbing devices, even for frequent impact operations such as landing-gear or for sudden accidents such as other vehicles. A precise choice for the circular tubes’ material, shape and mechanism may save a person’s life or save a valuable equipment from damage. The ideal energy absorption can be achieved by maximum resistance and stroke efficiency, to improve the loaddisplacement curve characteristics, wherever long flat (small fluctuation) stroke occurs, in which the plateau force is kept lower than the failure force (Goel 2015).
