ABSTRACT

Construction is considered as one of the main consumers of resources and energy as well as the most damaging to the environment, generating one of the largest amounts of CO2. As a matter of fact, cement, which is an important component of concrete is one of the most widely used construction material in the world, and it is solely responsible for about 7% of CO2 emission. This underscores the importance of quality control, maintenance and sustainability in preserving the current built stock and extending the life span of the standing structures, also, ensuring that their impact on the environment during their utilizations is kept minimal.