ABSTRACT
The human body is crammed with microorganisms that have crucial role in human health. The eye, the window of vision, hosts a community of microbes that normally exist in the ocular surface and protects from certain diseases under normal circumstances. However, the disruption of the eye’s architecture or shift in ocular microbiota will incite the pathogenesis. Infectious ocular diseases range from mild cyst on the extraocular surface (i.e., Chalazion) to inflammation of the interior of eye (i.e., endophthalmitis) with probable vision loss or loss of the eye itself. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Coryneform bacteria are predominant ocular infectious pathogens. The antigenic determinants on the bacterial surface or the virulence factors secreted by the organisms either evoke the host immune response and instigate damage or destruct the host tissue by secretory components. Predominant eye infections are frequently associated with poor ocular hygiene, contact lens wear, or eyes that endured surgeries. The roles of bacterial biofilm on the ocular surface or prosthetic implants on eye are enormous. Prevailing antibiotic treatments are deteriorating as a result of multidrug-resistance in bacteria. Hence, detailed research on etiological agents and clinical prognosis of each ocular infection is indispensable for ascertaining better therapeutic approaches.
