ABSTRACT
This chapter describes a literature study of wastewater modeling and proposes a possible improvement to wastewater management in Singapore coastal waters. It introduces the background of the studied problem and Singapore coastal waters. As Singapore is located in a tropical climate zone, its surrounding reefs exhibit characteristics of tropical species, which are fringing-type corals that concentrate on the coastline. These tropical fringing coral reefs can be threatened by coral bleaching due to: thermal impacts and the tidal waves of a shallow sea. The chapter suggests a hypothetical hybrid-wireless network to potentially study the wastewater management in the southern Singapore Sea. The Singapore Sea regions are influenced by complicated semi-diurnal and diurnal tides, and their hydrodynamic characteristics play an important role in determining coral mapping. The literature findings show that changes in the fringing coral reefs near Singapore are probably influenced by the hydrodynamic and thermal impacts from the sea tidal waves, which are closely related to wastewater management.
