ABSTRACT
Strict environmental regulations and social pressures have created the need for water and energy minimization in the processing industries. This work therefore looks at the incorporation of a detailed reverse osmosis network (RON) superstructure within a water network superstructure in order to simultaneously minimize water, energy, operation, and capital costs. The water network consists of water sources, water sinks, and RO units for the partial treatment of contaminated water. An overall mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) framework is developed that simultaneously evaluates both water recycle/reuse and regeneration reuse/recycle opportunities. The solution obtained from optimization provided the optimal connections between various units in the network arrangement, including the size and types of RO units, booster pumps, and energy recovery turbines. The chapter looks at four cases in order to highlight the importance of including a detailed regeneration network within the water network instead of the traditional “black-box” model. The importance of using a variable removal ratio in the model is also highlighted by applying the work to a literature case study, which led to a 28% reduction in freshwater consumption and 80% reduction in wastewater generation.
