ABSTRACT
Desalination is a water treatment process that removes dissolved salts from saline water, thus producing fresh water from seawater or brackish water. The fundamental concept of thermal desalination relies on a phase change separation technique where saline water is heated to the boiling point to produce water vapor. This chapter presents a detailed description of the multistage flash (MSF) process and a review of the studies on MSF modeling, including steady-state and dynamic analysis. It reviews the effect of Non-condensable Gases on MSF and the developed fouling models. The MSF- once-through (OT) process is the first version of the seawater desalination process, which is particularly known for its simplicity and the small number of components compared to the conventional MSF-BR. The main purpose of developing the MSF-OT system is to increase the performance ratio of a single stage. In the MSF-BR process, the intake seawater is fed into the condenser tubes of the heat rejection section.
