ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on nanoparticle formulation and summarizes nanoparticle handling in classical unit operations. It discusses the most important formulation principles and unit operations related to nanoparticle handling. The chapter describes many nanoparticle properties and most of the handling methods strongly depend on proper colloidal stability. To date, systematic studies on nanoparticle formulation and handling are rare because studies on unit operations were mostly performed for larger particles. For most unit operations, systematic studies on the handling of nanoparticles are rare. Functional thin films can be produced by direct deposition of nanoparticles from flame synthesis as highly porous films for sensors. Dispersion of coagulated nanoparticles is always required for nanoparticles produced in the gas phase and also for the phase transfer from one liquid phase to another one. In general, any dispersion device must overcome attractive interactions such as van der Waals forces and solid bridges originating from sintering or ripening.
