ABSTRACT
Tumors affecting the pleura are categorized as mesothelial, mesenchymal, or lymphoproliferative. Within the mesothelial tumor category, three types are recognized, that is, diffuse malignant mesothelioma, localized malignant mesothelioma, and other tumors of mesothelial origin. Patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) commonly develop breathlessness with a pleural effusion frequently accompanied by nonpleuritic chest-wall pain, dyspnea, cough, and fatigue and weight loss. Diagnosis of MPM involves imaging study, biopsy, pulmonary function tests, and other laboratory approaches. The use of specific antibodies in immunohistochemical procedures enables further confirmation of MPM. Treatment options for MPM include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, palliation, and targeted therapies. MPM often has a very poor prognosis, with median survival of 5-18 months after diagnosis. Targeted therapies rely on various new compounds to improve the outcome and survival of patients with MPM. These include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and immunological agents.
