ABSTRACT
Abstract ................................................................................................. 348 13.1 Introduction ................................................................................ 348 13.2 Material and Methods ................................................................ 351 13.3 Result and Discussion ................................................................ 354 13.4 Conclusions ................................................................................ 360 Keywords .............................................................................................. 361 References ............................................................................................. 362
SUDHAKAR C. K.1,2,*, NITISH UPADHYAY2, SANJAY JAIN3, and R. NARAYANA CHARYULU4
1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G. T. Road, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India 2Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, India 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, India 4Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSMIPS, Mangalore, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author. E-mail: ckbhaipharma@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Dressing of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) should be in such a manner that it looks simple and descent with more beneficial way. Phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine) with accessories like ethanol and water are dressing material for many drugs which overcome many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. A plethora of nanomedicine has been highlighted for various purposes. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not curable but it can be controlled by nanomedicine or drug delivery system which boosts the immune system of the body. Ethosomes (deformable vesicles) are the perfect dress for antiretroviral drugs and it is nano-drug delivery system which enhances the permeation of drugs through the skin and it is able to heighten the immune system of body during HIV infection. Different formulations of ethosomes are prepared and characterized for size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficacy in in vitro and in vivo studies. Result reveals that ratio of phospholipids and ethanol should be optimal to achieve superior entrapment, permeation of model drug into skin and to have sustained release pattern. The entrapment efficacies are ET-1 (69.78 ± 1.24), ET-2 (78.95 ± 1.54), ET-3 (79.54 ± 2.10), and LP (59.87 ± 2.12). The EL-2 and El-3 have superior release profile than all other formulation with 84.52 ± 2.63 and 86.65 ± 2.39%, respectively, for 12 h. Plasma concentration profile divulges the sustained release of model drug and penetration of model drugs into deeper layers of skin due to the presence of ethanol.
