An Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage Technology

Carbon dioxide is known as a greenhouse gas causing global warming and climate change. This chapter presents some basic concepts related to the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. A CCS practice involves capturing of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from emission sites, transporting it to a suitable site and injecting it into a chosen geological storage formation. Two projects out of 16 large scale integrated CCS projects worldwide are employing post-combustion technology for capturing CO₂. Technically, oxy-fuel combustion is feasible, but a large quantity of oxygen is required for separation which may pose a huge cost on the CCS projects. Separation is the second stage of the CCS technology in which greenhouse gases such as CO₂ are separated from different emission sources. The chapter summarizes the applications of different technologies proposed to capture and separate CO₂ from different sources, among which CCS technology is possibly the most feasible option.