ABSTRACT
Incidence rates of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) increase exponentially with age. According to World Health Organization (WHO), neurodegenerative diseases will become the world’s second leading cause of death by the middle of the century, overtaking cancer [22]. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders will be
the eighth cause of disease burden for developed regions by 2020 [27]. Oxidative stress is critical to the pathologies associated with brain damage and cognitive abilities [21]. Although multiple factors are involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, dysregulation in the inflammatory network and oxidative imbalance are key components in the pathogenesis of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis [14, 20]. Studies have shown low and moderate concentration of these neurotransmitters in patients with AD; therefore, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities have been accepted as an effective management strategy against AD [30, 35].
